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pterygopalatine ganglion การใช้

ประโยคมือถือ
  • The postganglionic parasympathetic fibers leave the pterygopalatine ganglion in several directions.
  • It also supplies parasympathetic innervation to the nasal mucosa and the lacrimal gland via the pterygopalatine ganglion.
  • It also carries post-synaptic parasympathetic fibers ( originating in the pterygopalatine ganglion ) to the lacrimal nerve via a communication.
  • In contrast to their parasympathetic counterparts, sympathetic fibers do not synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion, having done so already in the sympathetic trunk.
  • Although it is closely related to the pterygopalatine ganglion, it is still considered a branch of the maxillary nerve and does not synapse in the ganglion.
  • Together, greater petrosal and deep petrosal nerves form the nerve of the pterygoid canal ( vidian nerve ) and they reach the pterygopalatine ganglion in the pterygopalatine fossa.
  • A separate group of parasympathetic leaving from the pterygopalatine ganglion are the descending palatine nerves ( CN V 2 branch ), which include the greater and lesser palatine nerves.
  • The parasympathetic fibers of the nerve of the pterygoid canal synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion, which is closely associated with the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve ( CN V 2 ).
  • The pterygopalatine ganglion supplies the lacrimal gland, paranasal sinuses, glands of the mucosa of the nasal cavity and pharynx, the gingiva, and the mucous membrane and glands of the hard palate.
  • It enters the foramen lacerum, where it joins the deep petrosal nerve ( a sympathetic nerve ) to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal, which passes through the pterygoid canal to reach the pterygopalatine ganglion.
  • The internal carotid plexus communicates with the trigeminal ganglion, the abducent nerve, and the pterygopalatine ganglion ( also named sphenopalatine ); it distributes filaments to the wall of the internal carotid artery, and also communicates with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
  • Yet another set of divisions from the pterygopalatine ganglion are the posterior, superior, and inferior lateral nasal nerves; and the nasopalatine nerves ( all branches of CN V 2, maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve ) that bring parasympathetic to glands of the nasal mucosa.
  • Some of the preganglionic fibers travel along the greater petrosal nerve through the pterygoid canal ( where they join the postsynaptic fibers of the deep petrosal nerve and are called the Vidian nerve ) and synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion, whereupon the postganglionic, postsynaptic, efferent fibers travel to innervate the lacrimal gland and the mucosal glands of the nose, palate, and pharynx.
  • So, out of all the fibers passing through geniculate ganglion ( 1-branchial motor facial nerve proper fibers, 2-psym . presynaptic fibers to submandibular ganglion and pterygopalatine ganglion, 3-afferent fibers of pain temp . and touch from posterior auricular branch, 4-taste fibers from tongue ), only 3-and 4-synapse in the geniculate ganglion.
  • In the pterygopalatine ganglion, the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal branch of the facial nerve synapse with neurons whose postganglionic axons, vasodilator, and secretory fibers are distributed with the deep branches of the trigeminal nerve to the mucous membrane of the nose, soft palate, tonsils, uvula, roof of the mouth, upper lip and gums, and upper part of the pharynx.